Submitted by Editor
A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO
CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
DIST: AMRELI
GUJARAT
BY:-ANURAG AGARWAL
ROLL NO:
XII SCI.
2009-2010
PRINCIPAL INTERNALEXAMINER
EXTERNAL EXAMINER
CERTIFICATE
Certificate
This is to certify that this project work is submitted by ANURAG AGARWAL to the Chemistry department, Aditya Birla Public School, Kovaya was carried out by him under the guidance & supervision during academic year 2008-2009.
Principal Teacher
Mrs. Raji Jayaprasad Mr. B.D.KOTWANI
Aditya Birla public School (Head of chemistry dept.)
Kovaya
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Acknowledgement
I wish to express my deep gratitude and sincere thanks to Principal, Mrs. Raji Jayaprasad, Aditya Birla public school, kovaya for her encouragement and for all the facilities that she provided for this project work. I sincerely appreciate this magnanimity by taking me into her fold for which I shall remain indebted to her.
I extend my hearty thanks to Mr. B.D.KOTWANI, chemistry HOD, who guided me to the successful completion of this project. I take this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude for his invaluable guidance, constant encouragement, constructive comments, sympathetic attitude and immense motivation, which has sustained my efforts at all stages of this project work. I am also thankful to Mr. Pankaj Bajpai who has helped in each step of my project work.
I can’t forget to offer my sincere thanks to my classmates who helped me to carry out this project work successfully & for their valuable advice & support, which I received from them time to time.
ANURAG AGARWAL.
DECLARATION
Declaration
I do hereby declare that this project work has been originally carried under the guidance and supervision of Mr. B.D. KOTWANI, head of chemistry department, Aditya Birla Public School, Kovaya.
ANURAG AGARWAL.
Roll NO.
INDEX
Index
1) Certificate (ii)
2) Acknowledgement (iii)
3) Declaration (iv)
4) Dedication (vi)
5) Introduction 07
6) Aim 10
7) Requirements 10
8) Theory 11
9) Reactions 12
10) Procedure 13
11) Observations 15
12) Result 15
13) Bibliography 16
DEDICATION
Dedication
I DEDICATE THIS PROJECT WORK TO THE LOTUS FEET OF
MY FATHER
MR.K.M.AGARWAL
&
MY MOTHER
MRS. RAMA AGARWAL
INTRODUCTION
Introduction
Aluminium because of its low density, high tensile strength and resistance to corrosion is widely used for the manufacture of aeroplanes, automobiles lawn furniture as well as for aluminium cans. Being good conductor of electricity it is used for transmission of electricity. Aluminium is also used for making utensils. The recycling of aluminium cans and other aluminium products is a very positive contribution to saving our natural resources. Most of the recycled aluminium is melted and recast into other aluminium metal products or used in the production of various aluminium compounds, the most common of which are the alums. Alums are double sulphates having general formula
X2SO4.M2(SO4)3.24H2O
X = Monovalent cation; M = Trivalent cation
Some important alum and their names are given below:
K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O - Potash Alum
Na2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O - Soda Alum
Introduction
K2SO4.Cr2(SO4)3.24H2O - Chrome Alum
(NH)2SO4.Fe2(SO4)3.24H2O - Ferric Alum
Potash alum is used in papermaking, in fire extinguishers, in food stuffs and in purification of water soda alum used in baking powders and chrome alum is used in tanning leather and water proofing fabrics.
In addition to these primary uses, alum is also used as
Introduction
Al(H2O)6+3 → Al(OH)3 ↓ + 3H2O + 3H+
The H+ ions generated are used foe reacting with sodium bicarbonate to release CO2. This property is made use of in baking powder and CO2 fire extinguishers.
AIM
Aim
To prepare potash alum from aluminium scrap
REQUIREMENT
Requirement
v 250 ml flask
v Funnel
v Beaker
v Scrap aluminium or cola can
v Potassium hydroxide solution (KOH)
v 6 M Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4)
v Water Bath
v Ethanol
THEORY
Theory
Aluminum metal is treated with hot aqueous KOH solution. Aluminium dissolves as potassium aluminate, KAl(OH)4, salt.
2Al(s) + 2KOH(aq) + 6H2O(l)¾® 2KAl(OH)4 (aq) + 3H2
Potassium aluminate solution on treatment with dil. Sulphuric acid first gives precipitate Al(OH)3, which dissolves on addition of small excess of H2SO4 and heating.
2KOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq)¾® 2Al(OH)3 (s) + K2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
2Al(OH)3 (s) + 3 H2SO4(aq)¾® Al2(SO4)3(aq) +6H2O(l)
The resulting solution is concentrated to near saturation and cooled. On cooling crystals of potash alum crystallize out.
K2SO4(aq) + Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 24H2O(l) ¾® K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3. 24H2O(s)
REACTIONS
Reactions
2Al(s) + 2KOH (aq) + 6H2O (l) ¾® 2KAl (OH)4 (aq) + 3H2
K2SO4(aq) + Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 24H2O(l) ¾® K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.
24H2O(s)
2Al(OH)3 (s) + 3 H2SO4(aq) ¾® Al2(SO4)3(aq) +6H2O(l)
2KOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq)¾® 2Al(OH)3 (s) + K2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
K2SO4(aq) + Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 24H2O(l) ¾® K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.
24H2O(s)
PROCEDURE
Procedure
Procedure
OBSERVATION
Observation
Mass of aluminium metal =…………….g
Mass of potash alum =…………….g
Theoretical yield of potash alum =……………g
Percent yield =……………%
RESULT
Result
Potash alum of % yield was prepared from aluminium scrap.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bibliography
v iCBSE.com
v Wikipedia,
v Chemicalland.com
v books.google.co.in
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