C++

C++ Project on Railway Ticket Reservation

Railway Ticket Reservation

Name: Taher Shabbir Husain Class: XII - B School: Indian Public School Year: 2009-2010

Certified to be the bonafide work done by Mr. / Miss TAHER SHABBIR HUSSAIN of class XII - B in the COMPUTER LAB during the year 2009-2010.

Date: P.G.T. in COMPUTER SCIENCE INDIAN PUBLIC SCHOOL, Salmiya, Kuwait

Submitted for ALL INDIA SENIOR SCHOOL CERTIFICATE PRACTICAL Examination held in COMPUTER LAB at INDIAN PUBLIC SCHOOL, Salmiya, Kuwait.

Examiner: Date: Seal:

Acknowledgement

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to computer science teacher Ms. Latha M. Swam, for her vital support, guidance and encouragement - without which this project would not have come forth. I would also like to express my gratitude to the school for letting me use the school laboratory.

Objective

Aim: To develop a C++ project to manage a railway ticket reservation service using object oriented programming and data file handling.

Introduction

The C++ programming language was developed at AT&T Bell laboratories in the early 1980’s by Bjarne Stroustrup. He found out “C” lacking for simulating and decided to extend the language by adding features from his favourite language. Simula was one of the earliest object-oriented languages. Bjarne Stroustrup called it “C with classes” originally. The name C++ was coined by Rick Mascitti where “++” is the C increment operator. Ever since its birth, C++ evolved to cope with problems encountered by users, and through discussions at AT&T.

The major reasons for its success is the support for object oriented programming, which is most near to real world situations.

However, the maturation of the C++ language is attested by 2 recent events:

  • The formation of an ANSI (American National Standard Institute) C++ committee, and
  • The publication of the Annotated C++ Reference Manual by Ellis and Stroustrup.

One can easily judge the importance of C++ as given the following lines:

“Object-oriented technology is regarded as the ultimate paradigm for the modeling of the information in the data of logic. The C++ is now shown to fulfill this goal.”

Summary

This is a project based on train reservation. The program helps us to enter, display or alter the details of different trains. Moreover, and most importantly, the program helps us to reserve or cancel a train ticket. The program also helps us to know the present status of a reserved ticket, i.e. whether the ticket is confirmed or not. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.

Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.

Working

This program uses the concept of object-oriented programming and data file handling. The database is a collection of interrelated data to serve multiple applications. That is, database programs create files of information. So we see that files are worked with most, inside the program.

DBMS

The software required for the management of data is called as DBMS. It has 3 models:

  • Relation model
  • Hierarchical model
  • Network model

Relational Model

It is based on the concept of relation. Relation is the table that consists of rows and columns. The rows of the table are called tuple and the columns of the table are called attribute. Number of rows in the table is called as cardinality. Number of columns in the table is called as degree.

Hierarchical Model

In this type of model, we have multiple records for each record. A particular record has one parent record. No child record can exist without parent record. In this, the records are organized in tree-like structure.

Network Model

In this, the data is represented by collection of records and relationship is represented by link or association.

Characteristics of DBMS

  • It reduces the redundancy
  • Reduction of data inconsistency
  • Data sharing
  • Data standardization

Different Types of Files

Based on Access:

  • Sequential file
  • Serial file
  • Random (direct access) file

Based on Storage:

  • Text file
  • Binary file

Program Code

//PROGRAM - TRAIN RESERVATION
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include

class train {
private:
    int trainno, nofafseat, nofasseat, noffsseat, nofacseat, nofssseat;
    char trainname[60], startingpoint[60], destination[60];
public:
    train() {
        trainno = 0;
        nofafseat = 0;
        nofasseat = 0;
        noffsseat = 0;
        nofacseat = 0;
        nofssseat = 0;
        strcpy(trainname, "/0");
        strcpy(startingpoint, "/0");
        strcpy(destination, "/0");
    }
    void input();        //To input the details
    void display();      //To display the details
    int returntr();
    int returnaf();
    int returnas();
    int returnfs();
    int returnac();
    int returnss();
} tr;

int train::returntr() {
    return trainno;
}

int train::returnaf() {
    return nofafseat;
}

int train::returnas() {
    return nofasseat;
}

int train::returnfs() {
    return noffsseat;
}

int train::returnac() {
    return nofacseat;
}

int train::returnss() {
    return nofssseat;
}

void train::input() {
    clrscr();
    gotoxy(10, 10);
    cout << "ENTER THE TRAIN NUMBER ";
    gotoxy(57, 10);
    cin >> trainno;
    gotoxy(10, 12);
    cout << "ENTER THE NUMBER OF A/C FIRST CLASS SEATS";
    gotoxy(57, 12);
    cin >> nofafseat;
    gotoxy(10, 14);
    cout << "ENTER THE NUMBER OF A/C SECOND CLASS SEATS";
    gotoxy(57, 14);
    cin >> nofasseat;
    gotoxy(10, 16);
    cout << "ENTER THE NUMBER OF FIRST CLASS SLEEPER SEATS";
    gotoxy(57, 16);
    cin >> noffsseat;
    gotoxy(10, 18);
    cout << "ENTER THE NUMBER OF A/C CHAIR CAR SEATS";
    gotoxy(57, 18);
    cin >> nofacseat;
    gotoxy(10, 20);
    cout << "ENTER THE NUMBER OF SECOND CLASS SLEEPER SEATS";
    gotoxy(57, 20);
    cin >> nofssseat;
    gotoxy(10, 22);
    cout << "ENTER THE TRAIN NAME";
    gotoxy(57, 22);
    gets(trainname);
    gotoxy(10, 24);
    cout << "ENTER THE STARTING POINT ";
    gotoxy(57, 24);
    gets(startingpoint);
    gotoxy(10, 26);
    cout << "ENTER THE DESTINATION ";
    gotoxy(57, 26);
    gets(destination);
}

void train::display() {
    clrscr();
    gotoxy(10, 10);
    cout << "TRAIN NUMBER ";
    gotoxy(47, 10);
    cout << trainno;
}

// tickets class and related functions

void tickets::display() {
    clrscr();
    ifstream fn;
    fn.open("Ticket1.dat", ios::out);
    fn.seekg(0);
    int n, f = 0;
    gotoxy(10, 10);
    cout << "ENTER THE RESERVATION NUMBER ";
    cin >> n;
    while (!fn.eof()) {
        fn.read((char*)&tick, sizeof(tick));
        gotoxy(10, 10);
        if (n == resno) {
            clrscr();
            f = 1;
            gotoxy(10, 10);
            cout << "NAME ";
            gotoxy(30, 10);
            cout << name;
        }
    }
    char a;
    cin >> a;
    if (a == 'y' || a == 'Y') {
        clrscr();
        goto X;
    } else {
        gotoxy(10, 12);
        cout << "PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE";
        getch();
    }
    fn.close();
}

void tickets::reservation() {
    clrscr();
    gotoxy(10, 10);
    cout << "RESERVATION ";
    gotoxy(10, 12);
    cout << "ENTER THE TRAIN NO: ";
    int tno, f = 0;
    cin >> tno;
    ofstream file;
    ifstream fin("Train1.dat", ios::out);
    fin.seekg(0);
    if (!fin) {
        clrscr();
        gotoxy(10, 10);
        cout << "ERROR IN THE FILE ";
    }
    clrscr();
    while (!fin.eof()) {
        fin.read((char*)&tr, sizeof(tr));
        int z;
        z = tr.returntr();
        if (tno == z) {
            f = 1;
            nofaf = tr.returnaf();
            nofas = tr.returnas();
            noffs = tr.returnfs();
            nofac = tr.returnac();
            nofss = tr.returnss();
        }
    }
    if (f == 1) {
        file.open("Ticket1.dat", ios::app);
    S:
        clrscr();
        gotoxy(10, 10);
        cout << "NAME:";
        gets(name);
        gotoxy(10, 12);
        cout << "AGE:";
        cin >> age;
        clrscr();
        gotoxy(10, 10);
        cout << "SELECT THE CLASS WHICH YOU WISH TO TRAVEL";
        gotoxy(10, 12);
        cout << "1.A/C FIRST CLASS ";
        gotoxy(10, 14);
        cout << "2.A/C SECOND CLASS ";
        gotoxy(10, 16);
        cout << "3.FIRST CLASS SLEEPER ";
        gotoxy(10, 18);
        cout << "4.A/C CHAIR CAR ";
        gotoxy(10, 20);
        cout << "5.SECOND CLASS SLEEPER ";
        gotoxy(10, 22);
        cout << "ENTER YOUR CHOICE ";
        gotoxy(30, 22);
        int c;
        cin >> c;
        switch (c) {
            case 1:
                toaf++;
                resno = rand();
                if ((nofaf - toaf) > 0) {
                    strcpy(status, "confirmed");
                    gotoxy(10, 24);
                    cout << "STATUS";
                    gotoxy(30, 24);
                    puts(status);
                    gotoxy(10, 26);
                    cout << "RESERVATION NO";
                    gotoxy(30, 26);
                    cout << resno;
                }
                break;
            case 2:
                toas++;
                resno = rand();
                if ((nofas - toas) > 0) {
                    strcpy(status, "confirmed");
                    gotoxy(10, 24);
                    cout << "STATUS";
                    gotoxy(30, 24);
                    puts(status);
                    gotoxy(10, 26);
                    cout << "RESERVATION NO";
                    gotoxy(30, 26);
                    cout << resno;
                }
                break;
            case 3:
                tofs++;
                resno = rand();
                if ((noffs - tofs) > 0) {
                    strcpy(status, "confirmed");
                    gotoxy(10, 24);
                    cout << "STATUS";
                    gotoxy(30, 24);
                    puts(status);
                    gotoxy(10, 26);
                    cout << "RESERVATION NO";
                    gotoxy(30, 26);
                    cout << resno;
                }
                break;
            case 4:
                toac++;
                resno = rand();
                if ((nofac - toac) > 0) {
                    strcpy(status, "confirmed");
                    gotoxy(10, 24);
                    cout << "STATUS";
                    gotoxy(30, 24);
                    puts(status);
                    gotoxy(10, 26);
                    cout << "RESERVATION NO";
                    gotoxy(30, 26);
                    cout << resno;
                }
                break;
            case 5:
                toss++;
                resno = rand();
                if ((nofss - toss) > 0) {
                    strcpy(status, "confirmed");
                    gotoxy(10, 24);
                    cout << "STATUS";
                    gotoxy(30, 24);
                    puts(status);
                    gotoxy(10, 26);
                    cout << "RESERVATION NO";
                    gotoxy(30, 26);
                    cout << resno;
                }
                break;
        }
        char n;
        cin >> n;
        if (n == 'y' || n == 'Y') {
            goto S;
        }
    }
    if (f == 0) {
        clrscr();
        gotoxy(10, 10);
        cout << "ERROR IN THE TRAIN NUMBER ENTERED !!!";
        getch();
    }
    file.close();
}

void tickets::cancellation() {
    clrscr();
    ifstream fin;
    fin.open("Ticket1.dat", ios::out);
    ofstream file;
    file.open("Temp1.dat", ios::app);
    fin.seekg(0);
    gotoxy(10, 10);
    cout << "ENTER THE RESERVATION NO ";
    int r, f = 0;
    cin >> r;
    if (!fin) {
        cout << "ERROR IN THE FILE !!!";
    }
    while (!fin.eof()) {
        fin.read((char*)&tick, sizeof(tick));
        int z;
        z = ret();
        if (z != r) {
            file.write((char*)&tick, sizeof(tick));
        }
        if (z == r) {
            f = 1;
        }
    }
    file.close();
    fin.close();
    remove("Ticket1.dat");
    rename("Temp1.dat", "Ticket1.dat");
    if (f == 0) {
        gotoxy(10, 12);
        cout << "NO SUCH RESERVATION IS MADE !!! PLEASE RETRY ";
        getch();
    } else {
        gotoxy(10, 12);
        cout << "RESERVATION CANCELLED";
        getch();
    }
}

void main() {
    int ch, r = 1000, j;
    clrscr();
    gotoxy(33, 22);
    cout << "WELCOME";
Z:
    clrscr();
    gotoxy(25, 8);
    cout << "RAILWAY TICKET RESERVATION";
    gotoxy(25, 9);
    cout << "==========================";
    gotoxy(20, 15);
    cout << "1.TRAIN DETAILS";
    gotoxy(20, 17);
    cout << "2.UPDATE TRAIN DETAILS ";
    gotoxy(20, 19);
    cout << "3.RESERVING A TICKET ";
    gotoxy(20, 21);
    cout << "4.CANCELLING A TICKET";
    gotoxy(20, 23);
    cout << "5.DISPLAY THE PRESENT TICKET STATUS ";
    gotoxy(20, 25);
    cout << "6.EXIT";
    gotoxy(20, 27);
    cout << "ENTER YOUR CHOICE: ";
    cin >> ch;
    char n;
    switch (ch) {
        case 1: {
            ifstream fin("Train1.dat", ios::out);
            fin.seekg(0);
            clrscr();
            if (!fin) {
                clrscr();
                gotoxy(10, 10);
                cout << "ERROR IN THE FILE !!!";
            } else {
                clrscr();
                while (!fin.eof()) {
                    fin.read((char*)&tr, sizeof(tr));
                    tr.display();
                }
            }
            fin.close();
            goto Z;
        }
        case 2:
            clrscr();
            gotoxy(20, 10);
            cout << "ENTER THE PASSWORD ";
            cin >> j;
            gotoxy(20, 30);
            cout << "CHECKING PLEASE WAIT ";
            getch();
            {
            Y:
                ofstream fout("Train1.dat", ios::app);
                tr.input();
                fout.write((char*)&tr, sizeof(tr));
                fout.close();
                gotoxy(10, 30);
                cout << "DO YOU WISH TO CONTINUE UPDATING ?(Y/N)";
                cin >> n;
                if (n == 'y' || n == 'Y')
                    goto Y;
                goto Z;
            }
            goto Z;

        case 3:
            tick.reservation();
            goto Z;

        case 4:
            tick.cancellation();
            goto Z;

        case 5:
            tick.display();
            goto Z;

        case 6:
            exit(0);
    }
    getch();
}
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