Salt Analysis

Salt Analysis of Cations and Anions

CATIONS  : Pb2+ ,Hg2+ ,Cu2+ ,Cd2+ , Ag+ , Fe2+ , Fe3+ , Al3+ , Zn2+ , Mn2+, Co2+ , Sr2+ , Ba2+ , Mg2+ , NH4+

ANIONS     : CO32- , S2- , SO32- , SO42- , NO2- , NO3- , Cl- , Br2- , PO43- , CH3COO-

Below we are providing a download link for Salt Analysis Chart which can be useful for Class 12 Chemistry students.The file is in ‘PDF’ format and contains procedure for all tests.

Cations

Group	Group Reagent	Radicals
Zero Group	O.S. + NaOH + Heat	NH4+
I Group	O.S. + HCl	Pb2+
II Group	O.S. + HCI + H2S	Cu2+
III Group	O.S. +NH4Cl + NH4OH	AI2+ ,Fe3+
IV Group	O.S. + NH4CI + NH4OH +H2S	Ni2+ ,Mn2+ , Zn2+ ,Co2+
V Group	O.S. + NH4CI + NH4OH +(NH4)2CO3	Ba2+, Ca3+, Sr2+
VI Group	O.S  + NH4CI + NH4OH + NaH2PO4	Mg2+

Anions

Group	Group Reagent	Radicals
I Group	Salt + dil. H2SO4	CO32-, SO32-, S2-, NO2-
II Group	Salt + conc. H2SO4	Cl-, Br-, I-, CH3COO-
	Add Cu piece and heat	NO-
	Add KMnO4 soln.	c2o42-
III Group	O.S. + BaC!2	so42-
IV Group	O.S + Conc.HNO3 + Heat + (NH4)24 MoO	PO43-

Preliminary Tests

Test	Observation	Inference
Physical Appearance
Colour	White	NH4+,  Pb2+, Al3+ , Zn2+, Ba2+, Ca2+ , Sr2+ and Mg2+
	Blue	Cu2+
	Green	Ni2+
	Brown	Fe3+
	Red	Co2+
	Light pink	Mn2+
Odour	Smell of NH3	NH4+
	Smell of vinegar	CH3COO-
	Smell of rotten eggs	S2-
Dry Heating	Colourless gas evolved	CO32- , SO32-,  S2- and Cl-
	Blown gas evolved	Br-, NO3-
	Violet gas evolved	I-
	Crackling sound	Pb(NO3)2 and Ba(NO3)2
	Brown residue	Cu2+
Flame Test	Greenish blue	Cu2+
	Light green	Ba2+
	Brick red	Ca2+
	Crimson red	Sr2+