Salt Analysis

Salt Analysis of Cations and Anions

 

CATIONS  : Pb2+ ,Hg2+ ,Cu2+ ,Cd2+ , Ag+ , Fe2+ , Fe3+ , Al3+ , Zn2+ , Mn2+, Co2+ , Sr2+ , Ba2+ , Mg2+ , NH4+
ANIONS     : CO32- , S2- , SO32- , SO42- , NO2- , NO3- , Cl- , Br2- , PO43- , CH3COO-

 

Below we are providing a download link for Salt Analysis Chart which can be useful for Class 12 Chemistry students.The file is in 'PDF' format and contains procedure for all tests.

 

Cations

Group

Group Reagent

Radicals

Zero Group

O.S. + NaOH + Heat

NH4+

I Group

O.S. + HCl

Pb2+

II Group

O.S. + HCI + H2S

Cu2+

III Group

O.S. +NH4Cl + NH4OH

AI2+ ,Fe3+

IV Group

O.S. + NH4CI + NH4OH +H2S

Ni2+ ,Mn2+ , Zn2+ ,Co2+

V Group

O.S. + NH4CI + NH4OH +(NH4)2CO3

Ba2+, Ca3+, Sr2+

VI Group

O.S  + NH4CI + NH4OH + NaH2PO4

Mg2+

 

 

Anions

Group

Group Reagent

Radicals

I Group

Salt + dil. H2SO4

CO32-, SO32-, S2-, NO2-

II Group

Salt + conc. H2SO4

Cl-, Br-, I-, CH3COO-

 

 

Add Cu piece and heat

NO-

 

 

Add KMnO4 soln.

c2o42-

III Group

O.S. + BaC!2

so42-

IV Group

O.S + Conc.HNO3 + Heat + (NH4)24 MoO

PO43-

Preliminary Tests

Test

Observation

Inference

Physical Appearance

Colour

White

NH4+,  Pb2+, Al3+ , Zn2+, Ba2+, Ca2+ , Sr2+ and Mg2+

Blue

Cu2+

Green

Ni2+

Brown

Fe3+

Red

Co2+

Light pink

Mn2+

Odour

Smell of NH3

NH4+

Smell of vinegar

CH3COO-

Smell of rotten eggs

S2-

Dry Heating

Colourless gas evolved

CO32- , SO32-,  S2- and Cl-

Blown gas evolved

Br-, NO3-

Violet gas evolved

I-

Crackling sound

Pb(NO3)2 and Ba(NO3)2

Brown residue

Cu2+

Flame Test

Greenish blue

Cu2+

Light green

Ba2+

Brick red

Ca2+

Crimson red

Sr2+


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