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Salt Analysis

Salt Analysis of Cations and Anions

CATIONS : Pb²⁺ ,Hg²⁺ ,Cu²⁺ ,Cd²⁺ , Ag⁺ , Fe²⁺ , Fe³⁺ , Al³⁺ , Zn²⁺ , Mn²⁺, Co²⁺ , Sr²⁺ , Ba²⁺ , Mg²⁺ , NH⁴⁺
ANIONS : CO3^2- , S^2- , SO3^2- , SO4^2- , NO2^- , NO^3- , Cl^- , Br^2- , PO4^3- , CH3COO^-

Below we are providing a download link for Salt Analysis Chart which can be useful for Class 12 Chemistry students.The file is in ‘PDF’ format and contains procedure for all tests.

Cations

Group	Group Reagent	Radicals
Zero Group	O.S. + NaOH + Heat	NH₄⁺
I Group	O.S. + HCl	Pb²⁺
II Group	O.S. + HCI + H₂S	Cu²⁺
III Group	O.S. +NH₄Cl + NH₄OH	AI²⁺ ,Fe³⁺
IV Group	O.S. + NH₄CI + NH₄OH +H₂S	Ni²⁺ ,Mn²⁺ , Zn²⁺ ,Co²⁺
V Group	O.S. + NH₄CI + NH₄OH +(NH₄)₂CO₃	Ba²⁺, Ca³⁺, Sr²⁺
VI Group	O.S + NH₄CI + NH₄OH + NaH₂PO₄	Mg^₂₊

Anions

Group	Group Reagent	Radicals
I Group	Salt + dil. H₂SO₄	CO3^2-, SO3^2-, S^2-, NO2^-
II Group	Salt + conc. H₂SO₄	Cl^-, Br^-, I^-, CH3COO^-
	Add Cu piece and heat	NO^-
	Add KMnO₄ soln.	c₂o₄^2-
III Group	O.S. + BaC!₂	so₄^2-
IV Group	O.S + Conc.HNO₃ + Heat + (NH₄)₂₄ MoO	PO₄^3-

Preliminary Tests

Test	Observation	Inference
Physical Appearance
Colour	White	NH⁴⁺, Pb²⁺, Al³⁺ , Zn²⁺, Ba²⁺, Ca²⁺ , Sr²⁺ and Mg²⁺
	Blue	Cu²⁺
	Green	Ni²⁺
	Brown	Fe³⁺
	Red	Co²⁺
	Light pink	Mn²⁺
Odour	Smell of NH₃	NH₄⁺
	Smell of vinegar	CH3COO^-
	Smell of rotten eggs	S^2-
Dry Heating	Colourless gas evolved	CO₃^2- , SO₃^2-, S²- and Cl^-
	Blown gas evolved	Br^-, N_O3^-
	Violet gas evolved	I^-
	Crackling sound	Pb(NO₃)₂ and Ba(NO₃)₂
	Brown residue	Cu²⁺
Flame Test	Greenish blue	Cu²⁺
	Light green	Ba²⁺
	Brick red	Ca²⁺
	Crimson red	Sr²⁺

Salt Analysis

Salt Analysis of Cations and Anions

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