Salt Analysis of Cations and Anions
Salt Analysis
CATIONS : Pb2+ ,Hg2+ ,Cu2+ ,Cd2+ , Ag+ , Fe2+ , Fe3+ , Al3+ , Zn2+ , Mn2+, Co2+ , Sr2+ , Ba2+ , Mg2+ , NH4+
ANIONS : CO32- , S2- , SO32- , SO42- , NO2- , NO3- , Cl- , Br2- , PO43- , CH3COO-
Below we are providing a download link for Salt Analysis Chart which can be useful for Class 12 Chemistry students.The file is in ‘PDF’ format and contains procedure for all tests.
Cations
|
Group |
Group Reagent |
Radicals |
|
Zero Group |
O.S. + NaOH + Heat |
NH4+ |
|
I Group |
O.S. + HCl |
Pb2+ |
|
II Group |
O.S. + HCI + H2S |
Cu2+ |
|
III Group |
O.S. +NH4Cl + NH4OH |
AI2+ ,Fe3+ |
|
IV Group |
O.S. + NH4CI + NH4OH +H2S |
Ni2+ ,Mn2+ , Zn2+ ,Co2+ |
|
V Group |
O.S. + NH4CI + NH4OH +(NH4)2CO3 |
Ba2+, Ca3+, Sr2+ |
|
VI Group |
O.S + NH4CI + NH4OH + NaH2PO4 |
Mg2+ |
Anions
|
Group |
Group Reagent |
Radicals |
|
I Group |
Salt + dil. H2SO4 |
CO32-, SO32-, S2-, NO2- |
|
II Group |
Salt + conc. H2SO4 |
Cl-, Br-, I-, CH3COO- |
|
|
Add Cu piece and heat |
NO- |
|
|
Add KMnO4 soln. |
c2o42- |
|
III Group |
O.S. + BaC!2 |
so42- |
|
IV Group |
O.S + Conc.HNO3 + Heat + (NH4)24 MoO |
PO43- |
Preliminary Tests
|
Test |
Observation |
Inference |
|
Physical Appearance |
||
|
Colour |
White |
NH4+, Pb2+, Al3+ , Zn2+, Ba2+, Ca2+ , Sr2+ and Mg2+ |
|
Blue |
Cu2+ |
|
|
Green |
Ni2+ |
|
|
Brown |
Fe3+ |
|
|
Red |
Co2+ |
|
|
Light pink |
Mn2+ |
|
|
Odour |
Smell of NH3 |
NH4+ |
|
Smell of vinegar |
CH3COO- |
|
|
Smell of rotten eggs |
H2- |
|
|
Dry Heating |
Colourless gas evolved |
CO32- , SO32-, S2- and Cl- |
|
Blown gas evolved |
Br-, NO3- |
|
|
Violet gas evolved |
I- |
|
|
Crackling sound |
Pb(NO3)2 and Ba(NO3)2 |
|
|
Brown residue |
Cu2+ |
|
|
Flame Test |
Greenish blue |
Cu2+ |
|
Light green |
Ba2+ |
|
|
Brick red |
Ca2+ |
|
|
Crimson red |
Sr2+ |
Very good 4 last minute revision in practical exams
test for group 1 acid radical is not correct it should be with dilute sulphuric acid not with HCl. Otherwise the table is very nice for reference.