Salt Analysis of Cations and Anions
Salt Analysis
CATIONS : Pb2+ ,Hg2+ ,Cu2+ ,Cd2+ , Ag+ , Fe2+ , Fe3+ , Al3+ , Zn2+ , Mn2+, Co2+ , Sr2+ , Ba2+ , Mg2+ , NH4+
ANIONS : CO32- , S2- , SO32- , SO42- , NO2- , NO3- , Cl- , Br2- , PO43- , CH3COO-
Below we are providing a download link for Salt Analysis Chart which can be useful for Class 12 Chemistry students.The file is in ‘PDF’ format and contains procedure for all tests.
Cations
|
Group |
Group Reagent |
Radicals |
|
Zero Group |
O.S. + NaOH + Heat |
NH4+ |
|
I Group |
O.S. + HCl |
Pb2+ |
|
II Group |
O.S. + HCI + H2S |
Cu2+ |
|
III Group |
O.S. +NH4Cl + NH4OH |
AI2+ ,Fe3+ |
|
IV Group |
O.S. + NH4CI + NH4OH +H2S |
Ni2+ ,Mn2+ , Zn2+ ,Co2+ |
|
V Group |
O.S. + NH4CI + NH4OH +(NH4)2CO3 |
Ba2+, Ca3+, Sr2+ |
|
VI Group |
O.S + NH4CI + NH4OH + NaH2PO4 |
Mg2+ |
Anions
|
Group |
Group Reagent |
Radicals |
|
I Group |
Salt + dil. H2SO4 |
CO32-, SO32-, S2-, NO2- |
|
II Group |
Salt + conc. H2SO4 |
Cl-, Br-, I-, CH3COO- |
|
|
Add Cu piece and heat |
NO- |
|
|
Add KMnO4 soln. |
c2o42- |
|
III Group |
O.S. + BaC!2 |
so42- |
|
IV Group |
O.S + Conc.HNO3 + Heat + (NH4)24 MoO |
PO43- |
Preliminary Tests
|
Test |
Observation |
Inference |
|
Physical Appearance |
||
|
Colour |
White |
NH4+, Pb2+, Al3+ , Zn2+, Ba2+, Ca2+ , Sr2+ and Mg2+ |
|
Blue |
Cu2+ |
|
|
Green |
Ni2+ |
|
|
Brown |
Fe3+ |
|
|
Red |
Co2+ |
|
|
Light pink |
Mn2+ |
|
|
Odour |
Smell of NH3 |
NH4+ |
|
Smell of vinegar |
CH3COO- |
|
|
Smell of rotten eggs |
S2- |
|
|
Dry Heating |
Colourless gas evolved |
CO32- , SO32-, S2- and Cl- |
|
Blown gas evolved |
Br-, NO3- |
|
|
Violet gas evolved |
I- |
|
|
Crackling sound |
Pb(NO3)2 and Ba(NO3)2 |
|
|
Brown residue |
Cu2+ |
|
|
Flame Test |
Greenish blue |
Cu2+ |
|
Light green |
Ba2+ |
|
|
Brick red |
Ca2+ |
|
|
Crimson red |
Sr2+ |
datesheet
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Very good 4 last minute revision in practical exams
test for group 1 acid radical is not correct it should be with dilute sulphuric acid not with HCl. Otherwise the table is very nice for reference.
aakansha u r absolutely wrong
group 1 acid radical test is with HCl only
you are totally mixing it up aakansha. it is HCl that is used as the group reagent for group-I elements. Hope you don’t make the same mistake in the practicals. Best of luck.
you are totally mixing it up aakansha. it is HCl that is used as the group reagent for group-I elements. Hope you don’t make the same mistake in the practicals. Best of luck.
very useful for those searching for guidance.this has been very accurate and it is good to learn from this.